RAPRA
    Risk Analysis for Phytophthora ramorum : The Pathogen

Phytophthora ramorum: The Pathogen
Host plants
In the USA, various tree hosts have been identified including Quercus spp. (Oak) and also ornamental shrubs including Rhododendron spp., Camelia spp. and Pieris spp. In the UK and Republic of Ireland the pathogen has been found mainly on species/hybrids of Rhododendron and Viburnum. Findings on other hosts have been less common. The list of hosts in North America and the UK is increasing. Since October 2003 the first trees were found with disease in the UK and the Netherlands.

Further details of host species can be found in Work Package 1: Distribution.
 
Pictures of symptoms on various hosts are available using the following links:
Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore Phytophthora ramorum exposed lesion on Sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus). Note: the white mycelium in the top 25% of the lesion is an Armillaria sp., following the P. ramorum lesion closely. View image
Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore Phytophthora ramorum exposed lesion on Sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus) at close range showing the dead live junction.
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Aesculus sp. Horse Chestnut Stem cankers and inner bark necrosis on root flares of a Horse chestnut, caused by P. ramorum. View image
Camellia sp. Camellia Shoot tip necrosis of Camellia caused by P. ramorum. View image
Castanea sativa Sweet chestnut Leaf necrosis on sweet chestnut infected with P. ramorum (late season last flush foliage on young branches). View image
Castanea sativa Sweet Chestnut Symptoms on infected under canopy leaves on epicormic shoots of sweet chestnut.
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Castanopsis orthacantha Castanopsis Drip tip and mid-rib necrosis caused by P. ramorum on Castanopsis orthacantha
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Fagus sylvatica Beech Bleeding Beech in Holland View image
Fagus sylvatica Beech Exposed P. ramorum lesions on beech (Fagus sylvatica).
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Fagus sylvatica Beech Close-up of bleeding girdling Beech tree in Holland View image
Fraxinus sp. Ash Foliage necrosis on Ash. (Note: water soaked lesions on leaf tips)
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Michelia doltsopa Michelia Drip tip necrosis on Michelia doltsopa.
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Michelia doltsopa Michelia Drip tip leaf necrosis on Michelia doltsopa.
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Nothofagus obliqua Beech Stem canker as a results of inner bark death casued by P. ramorum on Nothofagus obliqua (Roblé) View image
Nothofagus sp.   Inner bark necrosis contrasted with healthy bark (white) on Nothofagus. View image
Osmanthus delavayi   P. ramorum foliage blight, drip tip and shoot tip die-back on Osmanthus delavayi
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Osmanthus delavayi   P. ramorum foliage blight on Osmanthus delavayi
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Osmanthus delavayi   Close-up of P. ramorum foliage blight, defoliation and shoot tip die-back on Osmanthus delavayi
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Pieris sp. Pieris Foliage necrosis (drip tip necrosis, leaf blotch and margin infections) on Pieris.
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Pieris sp. Pieris Drip tip necrosis spreading to the mid-rib vein, casued by P. ramorum on Pieris.
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Quercus cerris Turkey Oak An exposed lesion on turkey oak showing inner bark (phloem) necrosis compared with healthy (pinky-red) inner bark.
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Quercus cerris Turkey oak Stem bleeding (tarry ooze) on Turkey oak as a result of inner bark necrosis caused by P. ramorum. View image
Quercus falcata Southern red oak Inner bark (phloem) necrosis and stem bleeding on Southern red oak
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Quercus falcata Southern red oak Bleeding or tarry ooze on the trunk of a Suthern red oak infected with P. ramorum
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Quercus ilex Holm oak Close up of leaf margin necrosis caused by P. ramorum on Quercus ilex.
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Quercus ilex Holm oak Shoot tip dieback on Quercus ilex caused by P. ramorum.
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Quercus ilex Holm oak Leaf blight on Holm oak (Quercus ilex) caused by P. ramorum. View image
Quercus ilex Holm oak Shoot tip and petiole infection on Quercus ilex caused by P. ramorum resulting in shoot tip wilt.
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Quercus petraea Sessile Oak Bleeding canker on Quercus petraea (Sessile Oak) caused by P. ramorum. Note: the close proximity of infected rhododendrons to the oak. View image
Quercus petraea Sessile Oak Exposed bleeding canker lesion on Quercus petraea caused by P. ramorum.
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Viburnum sp. Viburnum Wilting foliage on Viburnum as a result of basal/collar infection of stems (at soil-surface interface) caused by P. ramorum. View image
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A project within the EU 6th Framework R & D Programme, priority 8.1.B.1
'Sustainable management of Europe's natural resources'